====================================================
L2: Python Fundamentals — Part I
====================================================

Overview
--------

This lecture covers the building blocks of Python programming: organizing code into packages and modules, working with operators and Boolean logic, manipulating strings with indexing and slicing, and writing conditional logic with ``if``/``elif``/``else``. Along the way, you will learn Python's indentation rules, numeric type details, and string formatting with f-strings.


.. admonition:: Learning Objectives
   :class: learning-objectives

   By the end of this lecture, you will be able to:

   - Distinguish between packages and modules and use different import strategies.
   - Apply arithmetic, relational, logical, membership, and identity operators.
   - Use the Boolean type and truth-testing rules for control flow.
   - Manipulate strings using indexing, slicing, methods, and f-strings.
   - Write conditional logic with ``if``/``elif``/``else`` statements.


.. toctree::
   :maxdepth: 2
   :titlesonly:
   :hidden:

   l2_lecture
   l2_exercises
   l2_quiz
   l2_references

Next Steps
----------

- In the next lecture, we will continue with Python Fundamentals — Part II:

  - Lists and list methods.
  - Tuples and unpacking.
  - Dictionaries and sets.
  - Loops (``for``, ``while``).
  - List comprehensions.

- Review and experiment with all code snippets and exercises from today's lecture.
- Start reading `Python Official Tutorial <https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/>`_ — Sections 3, 4, and 5.